Trends in Supplemental Security Income Payments to Adults With Autism.

OBJECTIVE: This study used Social Security Administration program data to identify population-level trends in Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program participation and payments to adult recipients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) relative to recipients with intellectual disability and other mental disorders. METHODS: The authors examined SSI program data from 2005 to 2015. Variables included caseload size, number of new adult awardees per year, total annual SSI payments per disability group, and average annual SSI payment per recipient. RESULTS: Adults with ASD represented a growing share of the total first-time SSI awards given to adults with mental disorders, with percentages increasing from 1.3% in 2005 to 5.0% in 2015. In 2015, 158,105 adults with ASD received SSI benefits, a 326.8% increase since 2005. Federal SSI payments to adults with ASD increased by 383.2% during the same period (totaling roughly $1.0 billion in 2015). The annual average payment for adults with ASD was $6,527.40 in 2015. CONCLUSIONS: The purpose of the SSI program is to reduce the extent of poverty by providing monthly payments to eligible individuals with disabilities. The authors found that a large and growing number of adults with autism receive SSI benefits. This finding underscores the importance of future research related to the economic security of adults on the autism spectrum.

Social Health Insurance in Europe: Basic Concepts and New Principles.

This article discusses recent developments in and new principles of European social health insurance (SHI). It analyses how privatization policies and competition have altered social insurance and whether financial difficulties are caused by social insurance features not evident in other types of health care systems. There is little if any evidence that SHI causes higher cost increases than other types of systems. The comparison of five European SHI systems demonstrates that despite cost containment policies these countries do not experience a trust crisis in health care or loss in support among the public. The author shows that SHI has moved toward universal health care and that the traditional values of solidarity and social security have even been strengthened over the past decades.

The opportunity costs of caring for people with dementia in Southern Spain / Costes de oportunidad del cuidado de personas con demencia en el sur de España

Objective: The aim of this paper is to study the opportunity costs (OC) that are involved in being a caregiver and to compare them with the direct costs assumed by the State and the families. We evaluate direct cost (those that imply a payment-out-of-pocket) and indirect cost (those that imply a dedication in time). We hypothesized that costs increase with the severity of the dementia, with the educational level and active occupational situation of caregiver. They are greater if the caregiver is male, but if the patient and caregiver cohabit they are reduced. Method: 778 surveys were analyzed. Data was collected using a questionnaire specifically designed for the purpose, with the collaboration of Alzheimer's Diseases Associations in Andalusia (Spain). For the indirect cost, we used the reveal preferences method. For the comparison between groups an ANOVA and a MANOVA was done. Results: The hypotheses were confirmed. The OC exponentially increases with severity. More than 55% of costs are assumed by families. Occupied people have higher educational level and incomes and contract more external support. Costs are significantly higher for male caregivers. Cohabiting reduces all kinds of costs. Conclusions: The relationship between educational level and employment situation lead to think that if these variables are greater more people will seek professional support. Cultural reasons still maintain women as main caregivers for all educational levels. The existence of these informal caregivers as the main care providers is a saving for the State, and a brake for the development of professional supply

Objetivo: Estudiar los costes de oportunidad de ser cuidador, y comparar los costes directos asumidos por el Estado y las familias. Evaluamos los costes directos (los que suponen desembolso) e indirectos (los que suponen dedicación en tiempo). Planteamos la hipótesis acerca de que los costes se incrementan con la gravedad de la demencia, con el nivel educativo y con la situación laboralmente activa del cuidador. Dichos costes son superiores si el cuidador es varón, y se reducen con la convivencia. Método: Se analizaron 778 cuestionarios. Los datos se recolectaron mediante un cuestionario específicamente diseñado para este fin, contando con la colaboración de las asociaciones de Alzheimer de Andalucía (España). Para el estudio de los costes indirectos se usó el método de preferencias reveladas. Para la comparación de grupos se realizó ANOVA y MANOVA. Resultados: Las hipótesis se confirmaron. Los costes de oportunidad se incrementan exponencialmente con la gravedad. Más del 55% de los costes son asumidos por las familias. Los ocupados tienen un mayor grado de formación e ingresos y contratan más apoyo externo. Los costes son significativamente superiores para cuidadores varones. La convivencia reduce todos los tipos de costes. Conclusión: La relación entre el nivel educativo y el empleo lleva a pensar que, si estas variables crecen, un mayor número de personas buscará apoyo profesional. Las razones culturales mantienen a las mujeres como cuidadoras principales, independientemente del nivel formativo. La existencia de estos cuidadores informales como principales proveedores de cuidados suponen un ahorro para el Estado y un freno para el desarrollo de la oferta profesional

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de los derechohabientes con tuberculosis del IHSS, Teguciglpa; período 2011-2016 / Clinical and epidemiological profile of rightholders with tuberculosis of IHSS, Tegucigalpa; period 2011-2016

Antecedentes: Las condiciones laborales de ciertas personas pueden favorecer la aparición de tuberculosis. Objetivo. Determinar la existencia de patrones ocupacionales entre derechohabientes con tuberculosis (TB), del Instituto Hondureño de Seguri-dad Social (IHSS) en Tegucigalpa y resultado del abordaje diagnóstico y tratamiento. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, en los derechohabientes del IHSS Tegucigalpa, con universo de 460,150; la muestra fueron todos los expedientes de personas con Tuberculosis del periodo 2011-2016 mayores de 18 años. Se obtuvo información de la base de datos, fichas de notificación, expediente clínico y libro de seguimiento, determinando ocupación, variables sociodemográficas y programáticas. Se analizaron frecuencias e intervalos de confianza utilizando Epi Info Versión 7.2. Se solicitó permiso al IHSS y se respetó la confidencialidad de datos. Resultados. Se encontró expedientes de 214 pacientes con tuberculosis siendo mujeres (113) 52.6% y hombres (101) 47.4%; (137) 64% presentaron tuberculosis pulmonar y (77) 36% con tuberculosis extrapulmonar. La situación laboral predominante fue la de los asalariados de ocupación no especificada (73/214) 34%, seguido de Jubilados (16/214) 7%, empleados de salud (12/214) 6%, vigilantes (5/214) 2% y empleados de maquila (5/214) 2%. El método diagnóstico más frecuente fue baciloscopia (127) 59%, tuvieron éxito de tratamiento (171) 80%, fallecieron (13) 6%, perdida de seguimiento (13) 6%. ConclusiónEs necesario diseñar estrategias de prevención y capacitación para diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno en lugares de trabajo como compañías de vigilancia, maquila, escuelas y universidades, hospitales e investigar razones de excedo de fallecimientos y perdida de seguimiento de pacientes...(AU)

The Welfare Cost of Perceived Policy Uncertainty: Evidence from Social Security.

Policy uncertainty reduces individual welfare when individuals have limited opportunities to mitigate or insure against the resulting consumption fluctuations. We field an original survey to measure the degree of perceived policy uncertainty in Social Security benefits and to estimate the impact of this uncertainty on individual welfare. Our central estimates show that on average individuals are willing to forgo 6 percent of the benefits they are supposed to get under current law to remove the policy uncertainty associated with their future Social Security benefits. This translates to a risk premium from policy uncertainty equal to 10 percent of expected benefits.

Public social security burden of musculoskeletal diseases in Brasil-Descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: To present data on the social security burden of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (DSOTC) in Brasil in 2014, and evolution of these social security expenditures between 2009 and 2014. METHOD: Compilation and analysis of data on the granting of disability pensions and sickness benefits in the year 2014, available on the official website of Social Security, classified according to ICD 10. It was evaluated the evolution between 2009 and 2014, using the F test to compare the curves with the growth of the active age population (PIA). RESULTS: Among the 22 disease groups classified according to ICD-10, the DSOTC group led benefits grants in 2014, with 19% of the sickness benefits and 13.5% of the disability pensions. The main causes of sickness benefit and disability retirement were, respectively: dorsopathies (43.3% and 41.2%), soft tissue diseases (27.3% and 19.7%), osteoarthritis (7.6% % And 27.8%) and chronic inflammatory arthropathies (2.8% and 7.9%). In the evolution of the number of sickness benefits granted between 2009 and 2014, both INSS and DSOTC totals showed an increasing tendency (35.9 and 35.3%, respectively, with p = 0.000 for both). As for disability retirement, there was a 5.9% increase in the INSS total (p = 0.039), while for the DSOTC there was a decrease of 7.6% (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: These data point to a progressive increase in the granting of sickness pensions and disability benefits in the country, superior to the growth of the PIA, as well as a high participation of DSOTC in these benefits.

Estado de bienestar y salud pública: el papel de la salud laboral / Welfare State and public health: the role of occupational health

En el contexto de la actual crisis del Estado de bienestar, la salud laboral puede contribuir significativamente a su sostenibilidad, facilitando un trabajo decente y saludable a lo largo de la vida laboral de las personas que trabajan. Para ello, la salud laboral debe afrontar el reto de la promoción de la salud, la prevención y la asistencia de lesiones, enfermedades y, sobre todo, incapacidades, basándose en una mejor coordinación de los servicios de prevención, las mutuas colaboradoras con la seguridad social y el sistema de salud, así como potenciando el liderazgo en prevención de las empresas y la participación activa de las personas que trabajan

In the context of the current crisis of the Welfare State, occupational health can contribute significantly to its sustainability by facilitating decent and healthy employment throughout the working life. To this end, occupational health must take on the challenge of promoting health, preventing and managing injuries, illnesses and disability, based on better coordination of prevention services, mutual insurance companies, and health services, as well as by empowering the leadership in prevention of companies and the active participation of those who work

["Compatible" workers, a compound fracture in the automobile industry: intensification of labor and the health implications]. / Trabalhador "compatível", fratura exposta no processo de produção da indústria automobilística: intensificação do trabalho e saúde em questão.

Today's intensification of labor is part of the industrial transformations under way in Brazil since the 1990s, involving changes in the social production of auto workers' strain and epidemiological profile. Accident- and disease-related absenteeism is an important indicator of auto workers' strain, with relevance to the health field. The study aims to analyze the intensification of labor and its health implications from the perspective of the health-disease process, based on workers' perceptions at an automobile assembly plant in the ABC Industrial Belt of São Paulo. Workers were asked about the obstacles to returning to work following work-related accidents or diseases (commonly referred to as "compatible" workers). We conducted six visits to the plant and 20 interviews with assembly line workers. Data were collected from March 2010 to November 2014. The results depict the social figure of the "compatible" worker, a "compound fracture" in the production process, expressed as the intensification of labor, characterized by an intense work pace, denser work, extended workdays, and heavy stress, while simultaneously pointing to a trend toward laying off "compatible" workers. The study contributes to the search for knowledge on the intensification of labor and its health implications. We hope to have produced backing for further research on determination of the health-disease process, based on the incorporation of workers' experience.

O atual processo de intensificação do trabalho se insere no contexto das transformações produtivas, no Brasil, a partir dos anos 1990, acarretando mudanças na produção social do desgaste operário e do perfil epidemiológico dos trabalhadores. Incapacidade para o trabalho por acidente e doença é um importante indicador do desgaste operário, sendo de interesse da área da saúde. O estudo objetiva analisar o processo de intensificação do trabalho e saúde da perspectiva do processo saúde-doença a partir da percepção dos trabalhadores de uma montadora automobilística da Região do ABC, em São Paulo, quando indagados acerca dos obstáculos ao retorno ao trabalho daqueles com restrição laboral por acidente ou doenças, comumente denominados de "compatível". Realizamos seis visitas à fabrica e vinte entrevistas com operários da produção. Os dados foram coletados entre março de 2010 e novembro de 2014. Os resultados revelam, na figura social do "compatível", uma fratura exposta pelo processo de produção, expressa nas práticas de intensificação do trabalho, caracterizada pelo ritmo intenso, adensamento do trabalho, prolongamento da jornada e gestão por estresse; ao mesmo tempo, apontam para a tendência de exclusão do trabalhador "compatível" da empresa. A pesquisa contribui para avançar na busca do conhecimento acerca da intensificação do trabalho e saúde, esperamos ter trazido subsídios para novas investigações na perspectiva da determinação do processo saúde-doença, com a incorporação da experiência dos trabalhadores.

El actual proceso de intensificación del trabajo se inserta en el contexto de las transformaciones productivas en Brasil, acaecidas a partir de los años noventa, y que acarrearon cambios en la producción social, en el desgaste del obrero y el perfil epidemiológico de los trabajadores. La incapacidad para el trabajo por accidente y enfermedad es un importante indicador del desgaste del trabajador, siendo un área de interés para la salud. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el proceso de intensificación del trabajo y su repercusión en la salud, desde la perspectiva del proceso salud-enfermedad, a partir de la percepción de los trabajadores de una ensambladora automovilística de la Región del ABC, en São Paulo. Realizamos encuestas, a obreros con restricciones laborales por accidente o enfermedades, denominados comúnmente "compatibles", sobre sus obstáculos para el retorno al trabajo. Realizamos seis visitas a la fábrica y veinte entrevistas a obreros del área de producción. Los datos fueron recogidos entre marzo de 2010 y noviembre de 2014. Los resultados revelan, en la figura social del "compatible", una fractura expuesta por el proceso de producción, expresada en las prácticas de intensificación del trabajo, caracterizada por el ritmo intenso, densificación del trabajo, prolongación de la jornada y gestión del estrés; al mismo tiempo, apuntan hacia la tendencia de exclusión del trabajador "compatible" de la empresa. La investigación contribuye al avance en la búsqueda del conocimiento sobre la intensificación del trabajo y sus efectos sobre la salud. Esperamos servir de apoyo de nuevas investigaciones, desde la perspectiva del proceso salud-enfermedad, con la incorporación de la experiencia de los trabajadores.

Trump and the GOP agenda: implications for retirement policy.

This commentary provides background on the current state of American retirement, highlights recent efforts to reform retirement policy, and predicts what to expect under President Donald Trump. Retirement has not been a major focus of national policy makers in recent years. Early actions during the Trump administration to undo Obama administration policies may make it more difficult for individuals to save for retirement. While it is impossible to predict the future with any certainty, long-standing trends and recent political developments suggest that major action will not be taken during the Trump presidency to boost retirement security.

Public social security burden of musculoskeletal diseases in Brasil-Descriptive study

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: To present data on the social security burden of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (DSOTC) in Brasil in 2014, and evolution of these social security expenditures between 2009 and 2014. METHOD: Compilation and analysis of data on the granting of disability pensions and sickness benefits in the year 2014, available on the official website of Social Security, classified according to ICD 10. It was evaluated the evolution between 2009 and 2014, using the F test to compare the curves with the growth of the active age population (PIA). RESULTS: Among the 22 disease groups classified according to ICD-10, the DSOTC group led benefits grants in 2014, with 19% of the sickness benefits and 13.5% of the disability pensions. The main causes of sickness benefit and disability retirement were, respectively: dorsopathies (43.3% and 41.2%), soft tissue diseases (27.3% and 19.7%), osteoarthritis (7.6% % And 27.8%) and chronic inflammatory arthropathies (2.8% and 7.9%). In the evolution of the number of sickness benefits granted between 2009 and 2014, both INSS and DSOTC totals showed an increasing tendency (35.9 and 35.3%, respectively, with p = 0.000 for both). As for disability retirement, there was a 5.9% increase in the INSS total (p = 0.039), while for the DSOTC there was a decrease of 7.6% (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: These data point to a progressive increase in the granting of sickness pensions and disability benefits in the country, superior to the growth of the PIA, as well as a high participation of DSOTC in these benefits.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS: Apresentar dados sobre o ônus previdenciário das doenças do sistema osteomuscular e tecido conjuntivo (DSOTC) no Brasil no ano de 2014, e sua evolução entre 2009 e 2014. MÉTODO: Compilação e análise de dados sobre a concessão de aposentadorias por invalidez e auxílios-doença no ano de 2014 disponíveis no portal oficial da Previdência Social, classificados segundo o CID 10. Avaliação da evolução entre 2009 e 2014, utilizando-se o teste F para comparar as curvas com o crescimento da população em idade ativa (PIA). RESULTADOS: Entre 22 grupos de doenças classificados de acordo com o CID 10, o das DSOTC liderou as concessões de benefícios em 2014, com 19% dos auxílios-doença e 13,5% das aposentadorias por invalidez. As principais causas de concessão de auxílio-doença e aposentadoria por invalidez foram, respectivamente: dorsopatias (43,3% e 41,2%), doenças de partes moles (27,3% e 19,7%), osteoartrite (7,6% e 27,8%) e artropatias inflamatórias crônicas (2,8% e 7,9%). Na evolução do número de auxílios-doença concedidos entre 2009 e 2014, tanto o total do INSS quanto o do grupo DSOTC apresentaram tendência crescente (35,9 e 35,3%, respectivamente, com p = 0,000 para ambos). Já para aposentadoria por invalidez, houve aumento de 5,9% no total do INSS (p = 0,039), enquanto que para as DSOTC houve um decréscimo de 7,6% (p = 0,005). CONCLUSÕES: Verificou-se uma elevação progressiva na concessão de auxílio-doença e aposentadoria por invalidez no País, superior ao aumento da população em idade ativa. As DSOTC foram o grupo com maior participação relativa nesses benefícios.

Trends in social security benefits for oral and oropharyngeal cancer from 2006 to 2013 in Brazil. / Tendências dos benefícios previdenciários por câncer bucal e de orofaringe de 2006 a 2013 no Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the trends in the concession of social security sick pay for oral and oropharyngeal cancer, from 2006 to 2013, in Brazil. METHODS: time series study using data of workers insured by the Brazilian National Institute of Social Security (INSS); Prais-Winsten generalized linear regressions were used to calculate the annual percentage change (APC). RESULTS: social security benefits for oral and oropharyngeal cancer presented significant increase (APC=9.0%; 95%CI 1.4; 17.4); benefits for other parts of the mouth, nasopharynx, oropharynx, floor of mouth and palate have also shown significant increase; the areas of trade (5.5%) and manufacturing (5.2%) were the most prevalent activities; there was a high proportion of fields in blank in the information systems (average of 72.9%). CONCLUSION: trends in occupational benefits for oral and oropharyngeal cancer showed significant increase.

Super-aging and social security for the most elderly in China.

This article is dedicated to an under-researched area, the demographic development and social welfare for the most elderly (aged ≥80 years) in The People's Republic of China. Based on national censuses conducted over the last six decades in China this study examined the development of the most elderly population in comparison with groups of younger elderly people. It is argued that population growth among the most elderly in China has occurred with unparalleled speed, a phenomenon referred to as second order aging. This study demonstrated that the proportion of individuals aged ≥80 years has increased more rapidly than any other age group among elderly people. Particular attention has been given to the issue of social security and social welfare for the most elderly based on the non-contributory old age allowances provided by various regions and provinces. A national unified program of social security for the most elderly in the population is still not in sight.

Trabalhador "compatível", fratura exposta no processo de produção da indústria automobilística: intensificação do trabalho e saúde em questão / "Compatible" workers, a compound fracture in the automobile industry: intensification of labor and the health implications / Trabajador "compatible", una brecha expuesta en el proceso de producción de la industria automovilística: intensificación del trabajo y salud en tela de juicio

Resumo: O atual processo de intensificação do trabalho se insere no contexto das transformações produtivas, no Brasil, a partir dos anos 1990, acarretando mudanças na produção social do desgaste operário e do perfil epidemiológico dos trabalhadores. Incapacidade para o trabalho por acidente e doença é um importante indicador do desgaste operário, sendo de interesse da área da saúde. O estudo objetiva analisar o processo de intensificação do trabalho e saúde da perspectiva do processo saúde-doença a partir da percepção dos trabalhadores de uma montadora automobilística da Região do ABC, em São Paulo, quando indagados acerca dos obstáculos ao retorno ao trabalho daqueles com restrição laboral por acidente ou doenças, comumente denominados de "compatível". Realizamos seis visitas à fabrica e vinte entrevistas com operários da produção. Os dados foram coletados entre março de 2010 e novembro de 2014. Os resultados revelam, na figura social do "compatível", uma fratura exposta pelo processo de produção, expressa nas práticas de intensificação do trabalho, caracterizada pelo ritmo intenso, adensamento do trabalho, prolongamento da jornada e gestão por estresse; ao mesmo tempo, apontam para a tendência de exclusão do trabalhador "compatível" da empresa. A pesquisa contribui para avançar na busca do conhecimento acerca da intensificação do trabalho e saúde, esperamos ter trazido subsídios para novas investigações na perspectiva da determinação do processo saúde-doença, com a incorporação da experiência dos trabalhadores.

Abstract: Today's intensification of labor is part of the industrial transformations under way in Brazil since the 1990s, involving changes in the social production of auto workers' strain and epidemiological profile. Accident- and disease-related absenteeism is an important indicator of auto workers' strain, with relevance to the health field. The study aims to analyze the intensification of labor and its health implications from the perspective of the health-disease process, based on workers' perceptions at an automobile assembly plant in the ABC Industrial Belt of São Paulo. Workers were asked about the obstacles to returning to work following work-related accidents or diseases (commonly referred to as "compatible" workers). We conducted six visits to the plant and 20 interviews with assembly line workers. Data were collected from March 2010 to November 2014. The results depict the social figure of the "compatible" worker, a "compound fracture" in the production process, expressed as the intensification of labor, characterized by an intense work pace, denser work, extended workdays, and heavy stress, while simultaneously pointing to a trend toward laying off "compatible" workers. The study contributes to the search for knowledge on the intensification of labor and its health implications. We hope to have produced backing for further research on determination of the health-disease process, based on the incorporation of workers' experience.

Resumen: El actual proceso de intensificación del trabajo se inserta en el contexto de las transformaciones productivas en Brasil, acaecidas a partir de los años noventa, y que acarrearon cambios en la producción social, en el desgaste del obrero y el perfil epidemiológico de los trabajadores. La incapacidad para el trabajo por accidente y enfermedad es un importante indicador del desgaste del trabajador, siendo un área de interés para la salud. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el proceso de intensificación del trabajo y su repercusión en la salud, desde la perspectiva del proceso salud-enfermedad, a partir de la percepción de los trabajadores de una ensambladora automovilística de la Región del ABC, en São Paulo. Realizamos encuestas, a obreros con restricciones laborales por accidente o enfermedades, denominados comúnmente "compatibles", sobre sus obstáculos para el retorno al trabajo. Realizamos seis visitas a la fábrica y veinte entrevistas a obreros del área de producción. Los datos fueron recogidos entre marzo de 2010 y noviembre de 2014. Los resultados revelan, en la figura social del "compatible", una fractura expuesta por el proceso de producción, expresada en las prácticas de intensificación del trabajo, caracterizada por el ritmo intenso, densificación del trabajo, prolongación de la jornada y gestión del estrés; al mismo tiempo, apuntan hacia la tendencia de exclusión del trabajador "compatible" de la empresa. La investigación contribuye al avance en la búsqueda del conocimiento sobre la intensificación del trabajo y sus efectos sobre la salud. Esperamos servir de apoyo de nuevas investigaciones, desde la perspectiva del proceso salud-enfermedad, con la incorporación de la experiencia de los trabajadores.

BPC: from security advances to the risk of social security reform. / O BPC: dos avanços na seguridade aos riscos da reforma da previdência.

This paper analyzes the proposed changes in the Continuous Cash Benefit (BPC) discussed within the Social Security Reform, both with regard to the Federal Government's original proposal in 2016 and the proposal by the rapporteur's project submitted to Congress in 2017. The proposed changes focus on two aspects: increased minimum age of access and unlinking the BPC amount from the minimum wage amount. The document discusses the justifications for the BPC reform, regarding both disincentives to social security contributions and demographic changes, as well as estimated possible impacts of proposed changes. The study concludes that measures, if approved, tend to reduce coverage and increase income vulnerability of the elderly and the disabled in the country.

Este artigo analisa as propostas de alteração no Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) discutidas no âmbito da reforma previdenciária, tanto na original do governo de 2016 quanto no substitutivo apresentado pelo relator do projeto no Congresso em 2017. As mudanças aventadas incidem sobre dois aspectos: aumento na idade mínima de acesso e desvinculação do valor do benefício do salário mínimo. São discutidas no texto, as justificativas para a reforma do BPC, referentes tanto aos desestímulos à contribuição previdenciária como às mudanças demográficas, assim como são estimados possíveis impactos das alterações propostas. O estudo conclui que as medidas, se aprovadas, tendem a reduzir a cobertura e a ampliar a vulnerabilidade de renda de idosos e de pessoas com deficiência no país.

Reflexiones sobre la protección patrimonial de las personas con discapacidad intelectual. Especial referencia a su fiscalidad / No disponible

Es una constante preocupación en los padres garantizar la protección personal y patrimonial de sus hijos con discapacidad para que puedan tener una vida digna una vez que falten sus principales apoyos. El Estado, consciente de los cambios sociales producidos en las últimas décadas, ha previsto mecanismos para proteger a las personas más vulnerables, pero muchas veces se revelan insuficientes, debiendo las familias planificar los apoyos y recursos necesarios para que sus familiares con discapacidad mantengan una vida plena. En este trabajo se reflexiona sobre los principales instrumentos de protección patrimonial en favor de las personas con discapacidad, con especial referencia a su fiscalidad y a la incidencia que tienen en la participación en el coste de los servicios prestados en el marco de la llamada "Dependencia"

A common concern for parents of children with a disability is the question: "What will happen when we're gone?". The Administration is aware of this growing problem and has developed several policies to care for vulnerable peoples especially persons with disabilities. But frequently the state action is not enough, and families need to plan how to ensure that the needs and concerns of their relatives are addressed. This paper analyses the main techniques used to support the needs of the child, during and beyond the lifetime parents (trusts for disabled people, pension funds, ...) with particular reference to tax law matters. We also attempt to determine whether providing for the support of a disabled person can disqualify him or her from receiving other government benefits

O BPC: dos avanços na seguridade aos riscos da reforma da previdência / BPC: from security advances to the risk of social security reform

Resumo Este artigo analisa as propostas de alteração no Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) discutidas no âmbito da reforma previdenciária, tanto na original do governo de 2016 quanto no substitutivo apresentado pelo relator do projeto no Congresso em 2017. As mudanças aventadas incidem sobre dois aspectos: aumento na idade mínima de acesso e desvinculação do valor do benefício do salário mínimo. São discutidas no texto, as justificativas para a reforma do BPC, referentes tanto aos desestímulos à contribuição previdenciária como às mudanças demográficas, assim como são estimados possíveis impactos das alterações propostas. O estudo conclui que as medidas, se aprovadas, tendem a reduzir a cobertura e a ampliar a vulnerabilidade de renda de idosos e de pessoas com deficiência no país.

Abstract This paper analyzes the proposed changes in the Continuous Cash Benefit (BPC) discussed within the Social Security Reform, both with regard to the Federal Government's original proposal in 2016 and the proposal by the rapporteur's project submitted to Congress in 2017. The proposed changes focus on two aspects: increased minimum age of access and unlinking the BPC amount from the minimum wage amount. The document discusses the justifications for the BPC reform, regarding both disincentives to social security contributions and demographic changes, as well as estimated possible impacts of proposed changes. The study concludes that measures, if approved, tend to reduce coverage and increase income vulnerability of the elderly and the disabled in the country.

Health Of Americans Who Must Work Longer To Reach Social Security Retirement Age.

To receive full Social Security benefits, Americans born after 1937 must claim those benefits at an older age than earlier birth cohorts. Additionally, proposals to improve the fiscal position of Social Security typically include increasing the age at which workers can receive full benefits. Birth cohorts required to work longer are in worse health at ages 49-60, based on multiple measures of morbidity, than cohorts who could retire earlier.

Scraping by: Income and Program Participation After the Loss of Extended Unemployment Benefits.

Many Unemployment Insurance (UI) recipients do not find new jobs before exhausting their benefits, even when benefits are extended during recessions. Using Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) panel data covering the 2001 and 2007 to 2009 recessions and their aftermaths, we identify individuals whose jobless spells outlasted their UI benefits (exhaustees) and examine household income, program participation, and health-related outcomes during the six months following UI exhaustion. For the average exhaustee, the loss of UI benefits is only slightly offset by increased participation in other safety net programs (e.g., food stamps), and family poverty rates rise substantially. Self-reported disability also rises following UI exhaustion. These patterns do not vary dramatically across household demographic groups, broad income level prior to job loss, or the two business cycles. The results highlight the unique, important role of UI in the U.S. social safety net.

Prevención y manejo de la discapacidad para trabajar: un campo de estudios necesario para abordar los retos del sistema colombiano de riesgos laborales / Work Disability Prevention: an area of study needed to address the Colombian system challenges in occupational risks

RESUMEN El artículo de revisión temática busca mostrar la importancia que tiene estudiar, introducir e implementar en Colombia el campo Work Disability Prevention, traducido al español como Prevención y Manejo de la Discapacidad para Trabajar, derivado de una investigación doctoral. La revisión se estructura a partir del diálogo entre la revisión de literatura, los hallazgos del análisis del Sistema Colombiano de riesgos Laborales, y los datos de la situación actual de los trabajadores en materia de salud en Colombia, lo cual plantea una serie de interrogantes que estructuran el desarrollo de este artículo. El análisis se realiza desde los factores determinantes de la discapacidad para trabajar, su definición y los retos que esto impone a los diferentes actores dentro del Sistema General de Seguridad Social, implicados en el proceso de prevención, atención, rehabilitación, compensación y retorno al trabajo.(AU)

ABSTRACT This paper aims to address the importance of study, introduce and implement the issue of prevention and management of work disability in Colombia. Text structure responses to questions ranging from the current situation of workers and their health in Colombia, from the importance of studying this subject; the approach of the determinants of work disability; its definition, to the challenges settled for different actors in the Sistema Nacional de Seguridad Social involved in the process of prevention, care, rehabilitation, compensation, and return home.(AU)

Estudio Epidemiológico: Actividad Médica del Sistema de Salud de la Seguridad Social del Ecuador, 2013 / Epidemiological Study: Medical Activity of the Social Security Health System of Ecuador

INTRODUCCION: En la actualidad se considera al tratamiento quirúrgico como la primera línea de intervención en meningiomas, el objetivo de esta investigación es describir los resultados y las estrategias actuales en el tratamiento quirúrgico de los meningiomas, que se realizan en el Hospital Santa Inés de Cuenca-Ecuador. METODO: Es un estudio descriptivo sobre el tratamiento quirúrgico de los meningiomas, haciendo énfasis en el tipo de abordaje empleado en el Hospital Santa Inés. Se describen las diferentes localizaciones anatómicas y situaciones fisiológicas específicas de pacientes con meningiomas. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 31 pacientes, 11 hombres y 20 mujeres. La edad al momento de la cirugía fue de 13 a 76 años. La localización más frecuente fue la convexidad y parasagital. El 6.45 % de los tumores se reportaron como atípicos. Se logró exéresis Simpson I y II en el 80.6 % de los pacientes. Hubo tres recurrencias, dos de ellas asociadas a la histopatología. No hubo mortalidad operatoria. CONCLUSIONES: La cirugía sigue siendo la primera opción de tratamiento, con resultados mejorados con las técnicas microquirúrgicas actuales y constituye un reto, primero por lograr la exéresis completa del tumor y luego por preservar la función neurológica.(au)

BACKGROUD: At present the surgical treatment is considered as the first line in meningiomas, the aim of this study is to describe the outcomes and actual strategies in the surgical treatment of meningiomas treated at the Santa Ines Hospital in Cuenca-Ecuador. METHOD: It is a descriptive study on the surgical treatment of meningiomas, emphasizing the type of approach used in the Hospital Santa Inés. The different anatomical locations and specific physiological situations of patients with meningiomas are described. RESULTS: We included 31 patients, 11 men and 20 women. The age at the time of surgery was the between 13 to 76 years. The most frequent location was convexity and parasagittal. 6.45 % of the tumors were reported as atypical. Simpson I and II excision was achieved in 80.6 % of the patients. There were three recurrences, two associated with histopathology. There was no operative mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The surgery still is the first option of treatment, with better outcome due at the actual microsurgery techniques. The surgery is a challenge, at first achieve complete excision of the tumor and then to preserve the neurological function.(au)